User Experience

Back in 2007, Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman taught a private master class to tech founders including Larry Page and Jeff Bezos. The following year, Elon Musk joined. Among the topics: priming, where subtle cues shape our decisions without us realizing it. In that room, Musk pressed on subliminal versus explicit persuasion: “Does the hidden beat the obvious?” Kahneman's answer: "There are many situations in which subliminal effects are stronger than superliminal effects." Translation: Hidden influences shape behavior more than obvious ones. You can't resist what you don't notice. Later after that session, Bezos connected the dots: “You can choose your choice architect.” You either design the decision environment, or it designs you. Amazon designed theirs. One-click purchasing removes the pause where doubt lives. Every additional step is an exit ramp. They chose zero exits. Google designed theirs. That empty white homepage isn't minimal by accident. No portals, no distractions. Just one thought: search. Most companies let chaos choose. Cluttered onboarding. Buried CTAs. Friction everywhere. They're not architects. They're accidents. So how do you become the architect instead of the accident? 1. Choose your pricing architect: Sell your core product for $99/month. Then offer a bundle with two add-ons for $119. The bundle makes the core feel essential. 2. Choose your onboarding architect: When users first sign up, make their first action create immediate value - a report generated, first customer added, dashboard live. Success in 30 seconds primes confidence in everything that follows. In contrast, when you make the frame obvious, you lose it. Slap "Most Popular!" on everything and watch trust erode. The moment users detect manipulation, they create their own frame - one where you're untrustworthy. Kahneman warned Musk about this directly. Covert cues work precisely because they're not noticed. Priming is architecture, not decoration. By the time logic kicks in, the frame has already decided. Because you’re already an architect. The only question is whether you know what you're building.

The Voice Stack is improving rapidly. Systems that interact with users via speaking and listening will drive many new applications. Over the past year, I’ve been working closely with DeepLearning.AI, AI Fund, and several collaborators on voice-based applications, and I will share best practices I’ve learned in this and future posts. Foundation models that are trained to directly input, and often also directly generate, audio have contributed to this growth, but they are only part of the story. OpenAI’s RealTime API makes it easy for developers to write prompts to develop systems that deliver voice-in, voice-out experiences. This is great for building quick-and-dirty prototypes, and it also works well for low-stakes conversations where making an occasional mistake is okay. I encourage you to try it! However, compared to text-based generation, it is still hard to control the output of voice-in voice-out models. In contrast to directly generating audio, when we use an LLM to generate text, we have many tools for building guardrails, and we can double-check the output before showing it to users. We can also use sophisticated agentic reasoning workflows to compute high-quality outputs. Before a customer-service agent shows a user the message, “Sure, I’m happy to issue a refund,” we can make sure that (i) issuing the refund is consistent with our business policy and (ii) we will call the API to issue the refund (and not just promise a refund without issuing it). In contrast, the tools to prevent a voice-in, voice-out model from making such mistakes are much less mature. In my experience, the reasoning capability of voice models also seems inferior to text-based models, and they give less sophisticated answers. (Perhaps this is because voice responses have to be more brief, leaving less room for chain-of-thought reasoning to get to a more thoughtful answer.) When building applications where I need a more control over the output, I use agentic workflows to reason at length about the user’s input. In voice applications, this means I end up using a pipeline that includes speech-to-text (STT) to transcribe the user’s words, then processes the text using one or more LLM calls, and finally returns an audio response to the user via TTS (text-to-speech). This, where the reasoning is done in text, allows for more accurate responses. However, this process introduces latency, and users of voice applications are very sensitive to latency. When DeepLearning.AI worked with RealAvatar (an AI Fund portfolio company led by Jeff Daniel) to build an avatar of me, we found that getting TTS to generate a voice that sounded like me was not very hard, but getting it to respond to questions using words similar to those I would choose was. Even after much tuning, it remains a work in progress. You can play with it at https://lnkd.in/gcZ66yGM [At length limit. Full text, including latency reduction technique: https://lnkd.in/gjzjiVwx ]

🌎 Designing Cross-Cultural And Multi-Lingual UX. Guidelines on how to stress test our designs, how to define a localization strategy and how to deal with currencies, dates, word order, pluralization, colors and gender pronouns. ⦿ Translation: “We adapt our message to resonate in other markets”. ⦿ Localization: “We adapt user experience to local expectations”. ⦿ Internationalization: “We adapt our codebase to work in other markets”. ✅ English-language users make up about 26% of users. ✅ Top written languages: Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese. ✅ Most users prefer content in their native language(s). ✅ French texts are on average 20% longer than English ones. ✅ Japanese texts are on average 30–60% shorter. 🚫 Flags aren’t languages: avoid them for language selection. 🚫 Language direction ≠ design direction (“F” vs. Zig-Zag pattern). 🚫 Not everybody has first/middle names: “Full name” is better. ✅ Always reserve at least 30% room for longer translations. ✅ Stress test your UI for translation with pseudolocalization. ✅ Plan for line wrap, truncation, very short and very long labels. ✅ Adjust numbers, dates, times, formats, units, addresses. ✅ Adjust currency, spelling, input masks, placeholders. ✅ Always conduct UX research with local users. When localizing an interface, we need to work beyond translation. We need to be respectful of cultural differences. E.g. in Arabic we would often need to increase the spacing between lines. For Chinese market, we need to increase the density of information. German sites require a vast amount of detail to communicate that a topic is well-thought-out. Stress test your design. Avoid assumptions. Work with local content designers. Spend time in the country to better understand the market. Have local help on the ground. And test repeatedly with local users as an ongoing part of the design process. You’ll be surprised by some findings, but you’ll also learn to adapt and scale to be effective — whatever market is going to come up next. Useful resources: UX Design Across Different Cultures, by Jenny Shen https://lnkd.in/eNiyVqiH UX Localization Handbook, by Phrase https://lnkd.in/eKN7usSA A Complete Guide To UX Localization, by Michal Kessel Shitrit 🎗️ https://lnkd.in/eaQJt-bU Designing Multi-Lingual UX, by yours truly https://lnkd.in/eR3GnwXQ Flags Are Not Languages, by James Offer https://lnkd.in/eaySNFGa IBM Globalization Checklists https://lnkd.in/ewNzysqv Books: ⦿ Cross-Cultural Design (https://lnkd.in/e8KswErf) by Senongo Akpem ⦿ The Culture Map (https://lnkd.in/edfyMqhN) by Erin Meyer ⦿ UX Writing & Microcopy (https://lnkd.in/e_ZFu374) by Kinneret Yifrah

Is THIS the best ad campaign ever? In 2015, Sport England challenged ad agency FCB Global to close the 2 million strong gender gap by getting women more active. The agency used the insight that women often feel 'fear of judgement' in exercise, to create the campaign 'This Girl Can'. The campaign is a rallying cry to women to get active in THEIR own way by replacing fear with a 'don't give a damn' attitude. This is shown with bold copywriting, relatable casting, REAL moments (the make-up smudged under the eyes, normal jiggling bodies, menopausal sweat, period cramps, tampon string hanging out your pants) and a true sense of female camaraderie. Since it's launch: - 3 million women were inspired to exercise as a direct result of seeing the campaign - 1000+ social media mentions each day - 37m views across social media - 500,000 active members in the This Girl Can community - Cannes Lions award The campaign is evidence that advertising can make great impact and drive change in many little corners of the world. THIS is the result of a clear brief, unifying insight and - in this case - a dedicated female creative team who truly 'understand' their audience. But more than that, it's the result of a LONG-TERM campaign that has been running for almost decade, and continues to re-engage the audience in various different ways, globally. I think there is such a short-term mindset in advertising nowadays. Mainly due to the fast-paced nature of social media, the need to 'go viral' and the economic need for performance marketing tactics to generate cashflow. But without the longer-term brand campaigns, we are missing the ability to build strong narratives and make REAL change in the world. And with that, stronger brand salience, brand love and LEGACY. This is an element of advertising that I fell in love with years ago. And an element that I see really defining which brands stand the test of time, an which fall apart years down the line.

🧠 Your Brain Is Quietly Paying a Price for Using ChatGPT We spend hours with LLMs like ChatGPT. But are we fully aware of what they’re doing to our brains? A new study from MIT delivers a clear message: The more we rely on AI to generate and structure our thoughts, the more we risk losing touch with essential cognitive processes — creativity, memory, and critical reasoning. 📊 Key insight? When students wrote essays using GPT-4o, real-time EEG data showed a significant decline in activity across brain regions tied to executive control, semantic processing, and idea generation. When those same students later had to write without AI assistance, their performance didn’t just drop — it collapsed. 🔬 What they did: 54 students wrote SAT-style essays across multiple sessions, while high-density EEG tracked information flow between 32 brain regions. Participants were split across three tools: → Solo writing (“Brain-only”) → Google Search → GPT-4o (LLM-assisted) In the final round, the groups switched: GPT users wrote unaided, and unaided writers used GPT. (LLM→Brain and Brain→LLM) ⚡ What they found: Neural dampening: Full reliance on the LLM led to the weakest fronto-parietal and temporal connectivity — signaling lighter executive function and shallower semantic engagement. Sequence effects: Writers who began solo and then layered on GPT showed increased brain-wide activity — a sign of active cognitive engagement. The reverse group (starting with GPT) showed the lowest coordination and overused LLM-preferred vocabulary. Memory failures: In their very first AI-assisted session, no GPT users could recall a single sentence they had just written — while most solo writers could. Cognitive debt: Repeated LLM use led to narrower idea generation and reduced topic diversity — making recovery without AI more difficult. 🌱 What does this mean for us? LLMs make content creation feel frictionless. But that very convenience comes at a cost: Diminished engagement. Lower memory. Narrower thinking. If we want to preserve intellectual independence and the ability to truly think, we need to use LLMs with intention. →Use them too soon, and the brain goes quiet. →Use them after thinking independently — and they amplify our output. ✨ Hybrid workflows are the way forward: Start with your own cognition, then apply LLMs to sharpen, not replace. The most irreplaceable kind of AI will always be Actual Intelligence. 👉 Full study (with TL;DR + summary table): https://zurl.co/0hnox

This week brought more evidence of the rapidly changing media landscape, highlighted through a fascinating lens: the US political sphere and how its players are engaging diverse, key audiences. As presidential campaigns often serve as harbingers of communication trends, their approaches are worth noting for anyone in the field. In just two days recently, Vice-President Harris appeared on five major media platforms: from traditional outlets like 60 Minutes and The View to podcasts like Call Her Daddy and the Howard Stern Show, and finally, late-night TV with Stephen Colbert. This blend of traditional and newer media points to an essential evolution in how leaders think about audience reach. Harris' appearances on platforms like Call Her Daddy and Howard Stern—channels that skew younger and often different from traditional news outlets—are not accidental. They reflect a deliberate strategy to meet diverse, influential audiences where they are. Former President Donald Trump also has mixed traditional and direct media, in particular when he's been focused on reaching young men. He's showed up on the Logan Paul podcast, as well as Theo Vonn and Tim Pool, and is scheduled for Joe Rogan this week. This is a key lesson for us as communicators: Reaching decision-makers today requires an evolving media mix that includes creators, influencers, and platforms that resonate across generational lines. It’s easy to assume these channels serve only consumer audiences. But let’s remember: Millennials and Gen Z aren’t just consumers—they’re BDMs, developers, and CxOs, as well as customers of products like GitHub Copilot and Microsoft 365. Many of them aren’t consuming traditional media like CNBC or The Times of India daily. So, if we want to reach these future decision-makers, we need to engage them where they already are, from TikTok to niche podcasts. As communicators, it's vital that we continually refresh our media consumption habits to match this new reality. Start conversations about what your audience is listening to, watching, or reading—whether it’s newsletters, podcasts, or even news on social platforms. It’s one of the best ways to understand the shifting landscape and ensure we’re telling the right stories in the right places. Let’s continue to challenge ourselves to think about the evolution of media, ensuring we’re balancing traditional outlets with the dynamic, influential platforms of tomorrow. In communications, evolution isn’t just an option; it’s a necessity.

Recently, I made a post about building an online presence and creating content on LinkedIn & Instagram, and I received so many questions like: 👉 How can we create engaging content? 👉 Is there any right time to post? So, let’s talk about it! First of all, there’s no fixed rule that guarantees rapid growth on any platform. From my experience, the key is simple: Create what your audience needs. But how do you figure out what your audience actually wants? 1️⃣ Pick 5-10 verticals (topics) you want to post about – This helps you stay consistent and gives variety to your content. 2️⃣ Post regularly and rotate between these topics – Try this for at least 30-45 days. This gives you enough data to analyze what’s working and what’s not. 3️⃣ Analyze your best-performing posts – Once you have a good number of posts, check which ones got the most engagement. Identify patterns in topics, formats, and writing styles that work best. 4️⃣ Test different content formats – Try text posts, carousels, polls, short videos, and storytelling-style posts. Experimenting will help you understand what your audience enjoys the most. 5️⃣ Hook your audience in the first 2-3 lines – The first few lines decide whether someone will stop scrolling or move on. Start with a question, bold statement, or interesting fact to grab attention. 6️⃣ Keep your content concise and easy to understand – Avoid overcomplicating things. The simpler and clearer your message, the better engagement you’ll get. 7️⃣ Use pointers in your posts – Structured content is easier to read and keeps people hooked till the end. 8️⃣ Engage with your audience – Reply to comments, ask questions, and keep the conversation going. Engagement builds a loyal audience over time. 9️⃣ Find the right posting time (but don’t overthink it) – Different audiences are active at different times. Test different time slots to see when your posts get the best reach. LinkedIn engagement is usually higher on weekdays, while Instagram tends to perform well in the evenings. 🔟 Stay consistent & have patience – Many people give up too soon when they don’t see instant engagement. The truth is, it takes time to build an audience. Keep posting, refining your strategy, and improving with each post. At the end of the day, there’s no perfect formula—the more you experiment, the better you’ll understand what works. Keep posting, keep learning!

I can’t stop thinking about this. If you invest in your people from day 1, they’ll invest their talents in your company tenfold. It sounds obvious, but I’ve seen firsthand how often this gets missed. I joined companies and startups with zero training: - no documentation - unclear processes - no real onboarding I was expected to figure it out as I went, and honestly, it was brutal 😭 So here’s what *actually* sets people up for success: —— 1️⃣ What does a new hire need to know but feels awkward asking? Think back to your first 30 days. ↳ How do things actually work here? ↳ Where do I go for answers? ↳ What mistakes should I avoid early on? If the answers live only in someone’s head, that’s the gap. ✅ Document anything you explain more than once. —— 2️⃣ Where are people guessing instead of being guided? When training doesn’t exist, people improvise. ↳ Clicking the wrong thing ↳ Following outdated steps ↳ Copying work that isn’t quite right That’s how errors and rework happen. Tools like Tango make this easy by turning workflows into step-by-step guides. ✅ Record one common task this week and turn it into a reusable guide. —— 3️⃣ What tribal knowledge needs to be documented? You know it’s a systems problem when there are: ↳ Constant pings ↳ Repeating the same answers ↳ Little time for deep work ✅ Have your strongest team member document one core process they own. —— 4️⃣ Are you onboarding people or overwhelming them? More information doesn’t mean better onboarding. People need: ↳ Clear priorities ↳ Time to practice ↳ Space to build confidence ✅ Use a simple 30-60-90 day framework for all new hires —— 5️⃣ Are expectations clear or just assumed? When expectations are vague: ↳ People second-guess themselves ↳ Feedback comes too late ↳ Performance feels personal instead of fixable ✅ Check in early and often and schedule 20-minute check-ins with your manager or onboarding buddy in the first 8 weeks. —— When you give people the right tools, training, and support, you get: → Faster onboarding → More consistent processes → Fewer mistakes and support tickets → Happier, more confident employees 💙 You can’t expect people to thrive without setting them up properly. Set people up to win and they will 🫶 Do you agree? #TangoPartner

In many Chinese schools, students pause class for 1–3 minutes and move together — inside the classroom. Are you taking breaks during your office hours? Not a dance. Not military. System design. It’s called 广播体操 (Radio Calisthenics) and it’s been used nationally for decades to reset posture, circulation, and attention. • Prolonged sitting reduces cognitive performance after 30–40 minutes • Short movement breaks improve focus and working memory by 10–15% • Light physical activity increases blood flow to the brain by up to 20% • Even 2 minutes of movement measurably reduces mental fatigue Now apply this to tech and business. Knowledge workers sit 9–11 hours/day, live in back-to-back video calls, and are expected to make high-quality decisions at speed. That’s not a productivity issue. It’s a human-system mismatch. As AI scales execution, human attention becomes the bottleneck. The next performance upgrade may not be more software — but movement designed into workflows. China implemented it at national scale. Optimize the human. Then optimize the system. #FutureOfWork #AI #Productivity #Leadership #HumanPerformance #Neuroscience #TechLeadership #DigitalTransformation #WorkplaceDesign #CognitivePerformance

Say NO to Boring Emails – Effective Ways to Write Newsletters ✨ If your newsletters aren't capturing attention, they’re probably ending up in the trash. [UNSUBSCRIBE] 🙂 When I first started sending out newsletters, I quickly learned that getting people to open and actually read them was no easy task. But over time, I discovered some strategies that really work & they’re: ✅ 1. Start with a Hook that Grabs Attention I’ve found that using curiosity, urgency, or a strong benefit always draws readers in. Example: I used to send out “Monthly Updates,” but now I go for something like "5 Secrets to Boost Your Productivity This Month." A small change, but makes a big difference. ✅ 2. Know Your Audience When I began focusing on what my clients and customers really cared about—whether it was solving a pain point or helping them reach a goal—my engagement skyrocketed. Example: If your audience is mostly small business owners, focus on providing tips that help them grow their customer base or manage their time better. For instance, I once shared strategies on how to negotiate like a PRO, and it resonated so well that I got multiple replies from readers thanking me for the practical advice. ✅ 3. Keep It Concise, But Valuable No fluff, just value. Focus on delivering brief, impactful content with actionable insights. Example: Instead of the usual “Consistency is key,” I recommend something specific like "Posting three times a week builds momentum. Use a content calendar to stay organized." ✅ 4. Use Visuals to Break Up Text It makes the content more relatable and keeps readers engaged. I always include visuals—whether it’s a snapshot of me working on a project or enjoying a coffee break or useful resources. ✅ 5. Add a Personal Touch Sharing personal stories or insights has made my newsletters feel more like a conversation rather than a broadcast. Example: I often talk about my early struggles and the strategies that eventually worked for me withproven solutions. ✅ 6. Include a Clear Call-to-Action (CTA) Every email is an opportunity to guide my readers to the next step. Whether it’s clicking a link, replying to the email, or signing up for a masterclass, Example: I might say, “Reply to this email with your biggest challenge, and I’ll share a solution.” This not only encourages interaction but also shows that I’m here to help. Top creators have viral newsletters because they understand their audience, deliver valuable and actionable content, and create genuine connections. What’s your top tip for writing engaging newsletters as a creator or reader? __________________________ PS: Want to maximize your business, learn effective strategies to freelance, and grow your network? Join my newsletter with 45,000+ subscribers here: https://lnkd.in/g2WpkBjH